phpinfo()
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PHP Version 5.6.40

System Windows NT iZ4r4b31413jd2Z 10.0 build 14393 (Windows Server 2016) AMD64
Build Date Jan 9 2019 15:05:36
Compiler MSVC11 (Visual C++ 2012)
Architecture x64
Configure Command cscript /nologo configure.js "--enable-snapshot-build" "--enable-debug-pack" "--disable-zts" "--disable-isapi" "--disable-nsapi" "--without-mssql" "--without-pdo-mssql" "--without-pi3web" "--with-pdo-oci=c:\php-sdk\oracle\x64\instantclient_12_1\sdk,shared" "--with-oci8-12c=c:\php-sdk\oracle\x64\instantclient_12_1\sdk,shared" "--with-enchant=shared" "--enable-object-out-dir=../obj/" "--enable-com-dotnet=shared" "--with-mcrypt=static" "--without-analyzer" "--with-pgo"
Server API CGI/FastCGI
Virtual Directory Support disabled
Configuration File (php.ini) Path C:\Windows
Loaded Configuration File D:\PHPWEB\php\php.ini
Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none)
Additional .ini files parsed (none)
PHP API 20131106
PHP Extension 20131226
Zend Extension 220131226
Zend Extension Build API220131226,NTS,VC11
PHP Extension Build API20131226,NTS,VC11
Debug Build no
Thread Safety disabled
Zend Signal Handling disabled
Zend Memory Manager enabled
Zend Multibyte Support provided by mbstring
IPv6 Support enabled
DTrace Support disabled
Registered PHP Streamsphp, file, glob, data, http, ftp, zip, compress.zlib, compress.bzip2, https, ftps, phar
Registered Stream Socket Transportstcp, udp, ssl, sslv3, tls, tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2
Registered Stream Filtersconvert.iconv.*, mcrypt.*, mdecrypt.*, string.rot13, string.toupper, string.tolower, string.strip_tags, convert.*, consumed, dechunk, zlib.*, bzip2.*
Zend logo This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies

Configuration

bcmath

BCMath support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
bcmath.scale00

bz2

BZip2 Support Enabled
Stream Wrapper support compress.bzip2://
Stream Filter support bzip2.decompress, bzip2.compress
BZip2 Version 1.0.6, 6-Sept-2010

calendar

Calendar support enabled

cgi-fcgi

DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
cgi.check_shebang_line11
cgi.discard_path00
cgi.fix_pathinfo11
cgi.force_redirect00
cgi.nph00
cgi.redirect_status_envno valueno value
cgi.rfc2616_headers00
fastcgi.impersonate11
fastcgi.logging11

Core

PHP Version 5.6.40
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
allow_url_fopenOnOn
allow_url_includeOffOff
always_populate_raw_post_data00
arg_separator.input&&
arg_separator.output&&
asp_tagsOffOff
auto_append_fileno valueno value
auto_globals_jitOnOn
auto_prepend_fileno valueno value
browscapno valueno value
default_charsetUTF-8UTF-8
default_mimetypetext/htmltext/html
disable_classesno valueno value
disable_functionsexec,system,passthru,popen,pclose,shell_exec,proc_open,dl,chmodexec,system,passthru,popen,pclose,shell_exec,proc_open,dl,chmod
display_errorsOffOff
display_startup_errorsOffOff
doc_rootno valueno value
docref_extno valueno value
docref_rootno valueno value
enable_dlOffOff
enable_post_data_readingOnOn
error_append_stringno valueno value
error_logsyslogsyslog
error_prepend_stringno valueno value
error_reporting2252722527
exit_on_timeoutOffOff
expose_phpOnOn
extension_dir./ext./ext
file_uploadsOnOn
highlight.comment#FF8000#FF8000
highlight.default#0000BB#0000BB
highlight.html#000000#000000
highlight.keyword#007700#007700
highlight.string#DD0000#DD0000
html_errorsOnOn
ignore_repeated_errorsOffOff
ignore_repeated_sourceOffOff
ignore_user_abortOffOff
implicit_flushOffOff
include_path.;C:\php\pear;D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\core/Extend/Vendor/.;C:\php\pear
input_encodingno valueno value
internal_encodingno valueno value
log_errorsOnOn
log_errors_max_len10241024
mail.add_x_headerOnOn
mail.force_extra_parametersno valueno value
mail.logno valueno value
max_execution_time180180
max_file_uploads200200
max_input_nesting_level6464
max_input_time6060
max_input_vars10001000
memory_limit128M128M
open_basedirno valueno value
output_buffering40964096
output_encodingno valueno value
output_handlerno valueno value
post_max_size200M200M
precision1414
realpath_cache_size16K16K
realpath_cache_ttl120120
register_argc_argvOffOff
report_memleaksOnOn
report_zend_debugOnOn
request_orderCGPCGP
sendmail_fromno valueno value
sendmail_pathno valueno value
serialize_precision1717
short_open_tagOnOn
SMTPlocalhostlocalhost
smtp_port2525
sql.safe_modeOffOff
sys_temp_dirno valueno value
track_errorsOffOff
unserialize_callback_funcno valueno value
upload_max_filesize200M200M
upload_tmp_dirD:\PHPWEB\php\temp\D:\PHPWEB\php\temp\
user_dirno valueno value
user_ini.cache_ttl300300
user_ini.filename.user.ini.user.ini
variables_orderGPCSGPCS
windows.show_crt_warningOffOff
xmlrpc_error_number00
xmlrpc_errorsOffOff
zend.detect_unicodeOnOn
zend.enable_gcOnOn
zend.multibyteOffOff
zend.script_encodingno valueno value

ctype

ctype functions enabled

curl

cURL support enabled
cURL Information 7.59.0
Age 4
Features
AsynchDNS Yes
CharConv No
Debug No
GSS-Negotiate No
IDN Yes
IPv6 Yes
krb4 No
Largefile Yes
libz Yes
NTLM Yes
NTLMWB No
SPNEGO Yes
SSL Yes
SSPI Yes
TLS-SRP No
Protocols dict, file, ftp, ftps, gopher, http, https, imap, imaps, ldap, pop3, pop3s, rtsp, scp, sftp, smb, smbs, smtp, smtps, telnet, tftp
Host x86_64-pc-win32
SSL Version OpenSSL/1.0.2q
ZLib Version 1.2.7.3
libSSH Version libssh2/1.8.0

date

date/time support enabled
"Olson" Timezone Database Version 2016.10
Timezone Database internal
Default timezone PRC
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
date.default_latitude31.766731.7667
date.default_longitude35.233335.2333
date.sunrise_zenith90.58333390.583333
date.sunset_zenith90.58333390.583333
date.timezonePRCPRC

dom

DOM/XML enabled
DOM/XML API Version 20031129
libxml Version 2.9.4
HTML Support enabled
XPath Support enabled
XPointer Support enabled
Schema Support enabled
RelaxNG Support enabled

ereg

Regex Library Bundled library enabled

exif

EXIF Support enabled
EXIF Version 1.4 $Id: cad29b729548e4206f0697710cc9e177f26fdff3 $
Supported EXIF Version 0220
Supported filetypes JPEG,TIFF
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
exif.decode_jis_intelJISJIS
exif.decode_jis_motorolaJISJIS
exif.decode_unicode_intelUCS-2LEUCS-2LE
exif.decode_unicode_motorolaUCS-2BEUCS-2BE
exif.encode_jisno valueno value
exif.encode_unicodeISO-8859-15ISO-8859-15

filter

Input Validation and Filtering enabled
Revision $Id: 5b79667bd9a68977a9b4f7505223a8e216e04908 $
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
filter.defaultunsafe_rawunsafe_raw
filter.default_flagsno valueno value

ftp

FTP support enabled

gd

GD Support enabled
GD Version bundled (2.1.0 compatible)
FreeType Support enabled
FreeType Linkage with freetype
FreeType Version 2.7.0
GIF Read Support enabled
GIF Create Support enabled
JPEG Support enabled
libJPEG Version 9 compatible
PNG Support enabled
libPNG Version 1.5.26
WBMP Support enabled
XPM Support enabled
libXpm Version 30512
XBM Support enabled
WebP Support enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
gd.jpeg_ignore_warning00

hash

hash support enabled
Hashing Engines md2 md4 md5 sha1 sha224 sha256 sha384 sha512 ripemd128 ripemd160 ripemd256 ripemd320 whirlpool tiger128,3 tiger160,3 tiger192,3 tiger128,4 tiger160,4 tiger192,4 snefru snefru256 gost gost-crypto adler32 crc32 crc32b fnv132 fnv1a32 fnv164 fnv1a64 joaat haval128,3 haval160,3 haval192,3 haval224,3 haval256,3 haval128,4 haval160,4 haval192,4 haval224,4 haval256,4 haval128,5 haval160,5 haval192,5 haval224,5 haval256,5

iconv

iconv support enabled
iconv implementation "libiconv"
iconv library version 1.14
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
iconv.input_encodingno valueno value
iconv.internal_encodingno valueno value
iconv.output_encodingno valueno value

json

json support enabled
json version 1.2.1

libxml

libXML support active
libXML Compiled Version 2.9.4
libXML Loaded Version 20904
libXML streams enabled

mbstring

Multibyte Support enabled
Multibyte string engine libmbfl
HTTP input encoding translation disabled
libmbfl version 1.3.2
mbstring extension makes use of "streamable kanji code filter and converter", which is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1.
Multibyte (japanese) regex support enabled
Multibyte regex (oniguruma) version 5.9.5
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mbstring.detect_orderno valueno value
mbstring.encoding_translationOffOff
mbstring.func_overload00
mbstring.http_inputno valueno value
mbstring.http_outputno valueno value
mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetypes^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)
mbstring.internal_encodingno valueno value
mbstring.languageneutralneutral
mbstring.strict_detectionOffOff
mbstring.substitute_characterno valueno value

mcrypt

mcrypt supportenabled
mcrypt_filter supportenabled
Version 2.5.8
Api No 20021217
Supported ciphers cast-128 gost rijndael-128 twofish cast-256 loki97 rijndael-192 saferplus wake blowfish-compat des rijndael-256 serpent xtea blowfish enigma rc2 tripledes arcfour
Supported modes cbc cfb ctr ecb ncfb nofb ofb stream
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mcrypt.algorithms_dirno valueno value
mcrypt.modes_dirno valueno value

mhash

MHASH support Enabled
MHASH API Version Emulated Support

mysql

MySQL Supportenabled
Active Persistent Links 0
Active Links 1
Client API version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mysql.allow_local_infileOnOn
mysql.allow_persistentOnOn
mysql.connect_timeout6060
mysql.default_hostno valueno value
mysql.default_passwordno valueno value
mysql.default_portno valueno value
mysql.default_socketno valueno value
mysql.default_userno valueno value
mysql.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
mysql.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited
mysql.trace_modeOffOff

mysqli

MysqlI Supportenabled
Client API library version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $
Active Persistent Links 0
Inactive Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
mysqli.allow_local_infileOnOn
mysqli.allow_persistentOnOn
mysqli.default_hostno valueno value
mysqli.default_port33063306
mysqli.default_pwno valueno value
mysqli.default_socketno valueno value
mysqli.default_userno valueno value
mysqli.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
mysqli.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited
mysqli.reconnectOffOff
mysqli.rollback_on_cached_plinkOffOff

mysqlnd

mysqlndenabled
Version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $
Compression supported
core SSL supported
extended SSL not supported
Command buffer size 4096
Read buffer size 32768
Read timeout 31536000
Collecting statistics Yes
Collecting memory statistics No
Tracing n/a
Loaded plugins mysqlnd,debug_trace,auth_plugin_mysql_native_password,auth_plugin_mysql_clear_password
API Extensions mysql,mysqli,pdo_mysql
mysqlnd statistics
bytes_sent 185485
bytes_received 3713097
packets_sent 3686
packets_received 30669
protocol_overhead_in 122676
protocol_overhead_out 14744
bytes_received_ok_packet 0
bytes_received_eof_packet 0
bytes_received_rset_header_packet 13941
bytes_received_rset_field_meta_packet 0
bytes_received_rset_row_packet 10699
bytes_received_prepare_response_packet 1538708
bytes_received_change_user_packet 2135998
packets_sent_command 1759
packets_received_ok 0
packets_received_eof 0
packets_received_rset_header 1549
packets_received_rset_field_meta 0
packets_received_rset_row 1634
packets_received_prepare_response 22300
packets_received_change_user 5018
result_set_queries 1507
non_result_set_queries 125
no_index_used 910
bad_index_used 0
slow_queries 0
buffered_sets 1507
unbuffered_sets 0
ps_buffered_sets 0
ps_unbuffered_sets 0
flushed_normal_sets 0
flushed_ps_sets 0
ps_prepared_never_executed 0
ps_prepared_once_executed 0
rows_fetched_from_server_normal 3511
rows_fetched_from_server_ps 0
rows_buffered_from_client_normal 3511
rows_buffered_from_client_ps 0
rows_fetched_from_client_normal_buffered 3511
rows_fetched_from_client_normal_unbuffered 0
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_buffered 0
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_unbuffered 0
rows_fetched_from_client_ps_cursor 0
rows_affected_normal 40
rows_affected_ps 0
rows_skipped_normal 3511
rows_skipped_ps 0
copy_on_write_saved 9331
copy_on_write_performed 62213
command_buffer_too_small 0
connect_success 42
connect_failure 0
connection_reused 0
reconnect 0
pconnect_success 0
active_connections 18446744073709551576
active_persistent_connections 0
explicit_close 41
implicit_close 0
disconnect_close 0
in_middle_of_command_close 0
explicit_free_result 1506
implicit_free_result 0
explicit_stmt_close 0
implicit_stmt_close 0
mem_emalloc_count 0
mem_emalloc_amount 0
mem_ecalloc_count 0
mem_ecalloc_amount 0
mem_erealloc_count 0
mem_erealloc_amount 0
mem_efree_count 0
mem_efree_amount 0
mem_malloc_count 0
mem_malloc_amount 0
mem_calloc_count 0
mem_calloc_amount 0
mem_realloc_count 0
mem_realloc_amount 0
mem_free_count 0
mem_free_amount 0
mem_estrndup_count 0
mem_strndup_count 0
mem_estndup_count 0
mem_strdup_count 0
proto_text_fetched_null 0
proto_text_fetched_bit 0
proto_text_fetched_tinyint 6260
proto_text_fetched_short 21701
proto_text_fetched_int24 2310
proto_text_fetched_int 2575
proto_text_fetched_bigint 6
proto_text_fetched_decimal 0
proto_text_fetched_float 0
proto_text_fetched_double 0
proto_text_fetched_date 0
proto_text_fetched_year 0
proto_text_fetched_time 0
proto_text_fetched_datetime 0
proto_text_fetched_timestamp 0
proto_text_fetched_string 33489
proto_text_fetched_blob 0
proto_text_fetched_enum 123
proto_text_fetched_set 0
proto_text_fetched_geometry 0
proto_text_fetched_other 0
proto_binary_fetched_null 0
proto_binary_fetched_bit 0
proto_binary_fetched_tinyint 0
proto_binary_fetched_short 0
proto_binary_fetched_int24 0
proto_binary_fetched_int 0
proto_binary_fetched_bigint 0
proto_binary_fetched_decimal 0
proto_binary_fetched_float 0
proto_binary_fetched_double 0
proto_binary_fetched_date 0
proto_binary_fetched_year 0
proto_binary_fetched_time 0
proto_binary_fetched_datetime 0
proto_binary_fetched_timestamp 0
proto_binary_fetched_string 0
proto_binary_fetched_json 0
proto_binary_fetched_blob 0
proto_binary_fetched_enum 0
proto_binary_fetched_set 0
proto_binary_fetched_geometry 0
proto_binary_fetched_other 0
init_command_executed_count 0
init_command_failed_count 0
com_quit 41
com_init_db 42
com_query 1634
com_field_list 0
com_create_db 0
com_drop_db 0
com_refresh 0
com_shutdown 0
com_statistics 0
com_process_info 0
com_connect 0
com_process_kill 0
com_debug 0
com_ping 0
com_time 0
com_delayed_insert 0
com_change_user 0
com_binlog_dump 0
com_table_dump 0
com_connect_out 0
com_register_slave 0
com_stmt_prepare 0
com_stmt_execute 0
com_stmt_send_long_data 0
com_stmt_close 0
com_stmt_reset 0
com_stmt_set_option 42
com_stmt_fetch 0
com_deamon 0
bytes_received_real_data_normal 2044132
bytes_received_real_data_ps 0

odbc

ODBC Supportenabled
Active Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
ODBC library Win32
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
odbc.allow_persistentOnOn
odbc.check_persistentOnOn
odbc.default_cursortypeStatic cursorStatic cursor
odbc.default_dbno valueno value
odbc.default_pwno valueno value
odbc.default_userno valueno value
odbc.defaultbinmodereturn as isreturn as is
odbc.defaultlrlreturn up to 4096 bytesreturn up to 4096 bytes
odbc.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
odbc.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited

openssl

OpenSSL support enabled
OpenSSL Library Version OpenSSL 1.0.2q 20 Nov 2018
OpenSSL Header Version OpenSSL 1.0.2q 20 Nov 2018
Openssl default config c:/usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
openssl.cafileno valueno value
openssl.capathno valueno value

pcre

PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) Support enabled
PCRE Library Version 8.38 2015-11-23
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pcre.backtrack_limit10000001000000
pcre.recursion_limit100000100000

PDO

PDO supportenabled
PDO drivers mysql, odbc, pgsql, sqlite

pdo_mysql

PDO Driver for MySQLenabled
Client API version mysqlnd 5.0.11-dev - 20120503 - $Id: 76b08b24596e12d4553bd41fc93cccd5bac2fe7a $

PDO_ODBC

PDO Driver for ODBC (Win32)enabled
ODBC Connection Pooling Enabled, strict matching

pdo_pgsql

PDO Driver for PostgreSQLenabled
PostgreSQL(libpq) Version 9.6.2
Module version 1.0.2
Revision $Id: 0e858dd2051ca8c2fd3c781909a0670ab5fecd36 $

pdo_sqlite

PDO Driver for SQLite 3.xenabled
SQLite Library 3.8.10.2

pgsql

PostgreSQL Supportenabled
PostgreSQL(libpq) Version 9.6.2
PostgreSQL(libpq) PostgreSQL 9.6.2 (win32)
Multibyte character support enabled
SSL support enabled
Active Persistent Links 0
Active Links 0
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
pgsql.allow_persistentOnOn
pgsql.auto_reset_persistentOffOff
pgsql.ignore_noticeOffOff
pgsql.log_noticeOffOff
pgsql.max_linksUnlimitedUnlimited
pgsql.max_persistentUnlimitedUnlimited

Phar

Phar: PHP Archive supportenabled
Phar EXT version 2.0.2
Phar API version 1.1.1
SVN revision $Id: 6e5cec2462a6ded53d4379ea9a69487a60d5c43c $
Phar-based phar archives enabled
Tar-based phar archives enabled
ZIP-based phar archives enabled
gzip compression enabled
bzip2 compression enabled
OpenSSL support enabled
Phar based on pear/PHP_Archive, original concept by Davey Shafik.
Phar fully realized by Gregory Beaver and Marcus Boerger.
Portions of tar implementation Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Tim Kientzle.
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
phar.cache_listno valueno value
phar.readonlyOnOn
phar.require_hashOnOn

Reflection

Reflectionenabled
Version $Id: 5f15287237d5f78d75b19c26915aa7bd83dee8b8 $

session

Session Support enabled
Registered save handlers files user
Registered serializer handlers php_serialize php php_binary wddx
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
session.auto_startOffOff
session.cache_expire180180
session.cache_limiternocachenocache
session.cookie_domainno valueno value
session.cookie_httponlyOffOff
session.cookie_lifetime00
session.cookie_path//
session.cookie_secureOffOff
session.entropy_fileno valueno value
session.entropy_length00
session.gc_divisor10001000
session.gc_maxlifetime14401440
session.gc_probability11
session.hash_bits_per_character55
session.hash_function00
session.namePHPSESSIDPHPSESSID
session.referer_checkno valueno value
session.save_handlerfilesfiles
session.save_pathD:\PHPWEB\php\temp\D:\PHPWEB\php\temp\
session.serialize_handlerphpphp
session.upload_progress.cleanupOnOn
session.upload_progress.enabledOnOn
session.upload_progress.freq1%1%
session.upload_progress.min_freq11
session.upload_progress.namePHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESSPHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS
session.upload_progress.prefixupload_progress_upload_progress_
session.use_cookiesOnOn
session.use_only_cookiesOnOn
session.use_strict_modeOffOff
session.use_trans_sid00

SimpleXML

Simplexml supportenabled
Revision $Id: d7077fc935154236afb4fe70814ba358efdbdca4 $
Schema support enabled

SPL

SPL supportenabled
Interfaces Countable, OuterIterator, RecursiveIterator, SeekableIterator, SplObserver, SplSubject
Classes AppendIterator, ArrayIterator, ArrayObject, BadFunctionCallException, BadMethodCallException, CachingIterator, CallbackFilterIterator, DirectoryIterator, DomainException, EmptyIterator, FilesystemIterator, FilterIterator, GlobIterator, InfiniteIterator, InvalidArgumentException, IteratorIterator, LengthException, LimitIterator, LogicException, MultipleIterator, NoRewindIterator, OutOfBoundsException, OutOfRangeException, OverflowException, ParentIterator, RangeException, RecursiveArrayIterator, RecursiveCachingIterator, RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator, RecursiveDirectoryIterator, RecursiveFilterIterator, RecursiveIteratorIterator, RecursiveRegexIterator, RecursiveTreeIterator, RegexIterator, RuntimeException, SplDoublyLinkedList, SplFileInfo, SplFileObject, SplFixedArray, SplHeap, SplMinHeap, SplMaxHeap, SplObjectStorage, SplPriorityQueue, SplQueue, SplStack, SplTempFileObject, UnderflowException, UnexpectedValueException

sqlite3

SQLite3 supportenabled
SQLite3 module version 0.7-dev
SQLite Library 3.8.10.2
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
sqlite3.extension_dirno valueno value

standard

Dynamic Library Support enabled
Internal Sendmail Support for Windows enabled
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
assert.active11
assert.bail00
assert.callbackno valueno value
assert.quiet_eval00
assert.warning11
auto_detect_line_endings00
default_socket_timeout6060
fromno valueno value
url_rewriter.tagsa=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentrya=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry
user_agentno valueno value

tokenizer

Tokenizer Support enabled

wddx

WDDX Supportenabled
WDDX Session Serializer enabled

xml

XML Support active
XML Namespace Support active
libxml2 Version 2.9.4

xmlreader

XMLReader enabled

xmlwriter

XMLWriter enabled

zip

Zip enabled
Zip version 1.12.5
Libzip version 0.11.2

zlib

ZLib Supportenabled
Stream Wrapper compress.zlib://
Stream Filter zlib.inflate, zlib.deflate
Compiled Version 1.2.7.3
Linked Version 1.2.7.3
DirectiveLocal ValueMaster Value
zlib.output_compressionOffOff
zlib.output_compression_level-1-1
zlib.output_handlerno valueno value

Additional Modules

Module Name

Environment

VariableValue
_FCGI_X_PIPE_ \\.\pipe\IISFCGI-27d3eb49-a58f-4311-85f7-2af09622a23b
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 10000
ALLUSERSPROFILE C:\ProgramData
APPDATA C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming
APP_POOL_CONFIG C:\inetpub\temp\apppools\wwwroot\wwwroot.config
APP_POOL_ID wwwroot
CommonProgramFiles C:\Program Files\Common Files
CommonProgramFiles(x86) C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
CommonProgramW6432 C:\Program Files\Common Files
COMPUTERNAME iZ4r4b31413jd2Z
ComSpec C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
LOCALAPPDATA C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS 2
OS Windows_NT
Path C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\ManagementStudio\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\PrivateAssemblies\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;C:\sslctlw;C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
PATHEXT .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE AMD64
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER Intel64 Family 6 Model 85 Stepping 4, GenuineIntel
PROCESSOR_LEVEL 6
PROCESSOR_REVISION 5504
ProgramData C:\ProgramData
ProgramFiles C:\Program Files
ProgramFiles(x86) C:\Program Files (x86)
ProgramW6432 C:\Program Files
PSModulePath C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\PowerShell\Modules\
PUBLIC C:\Users\Public
SystemDrive C:
SystemRoot C:\Windows
TEMP C:\Windows\TEMP
TMP C:\Windows\TEMP
USERDOMAIN WORKGROUP
USERNAME iZ4r4b31413jd2Z$
USERPROFILE C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile
windir C:\Windows

PHP Variables

VariableValue
_REQUEST["aid"]10983
_REQUEST["_URL_"]
Array
(
    [0] => index
    [1] => view
    [2] => aid
    [3] => 10983
)
_GET["aid"]10983
_GET["_URL_"]
Array
(
    [0] => index
    [1] => view
    [2] => aid
    [3] => 10983
)
_COOKIE["PHPSESSID"]pf31dc37paidseu87f0cpofil2
_SERVER["_FCGI_X_PIPE_"]\\.\pipe\IISFCGI-27d3eb49-a58f-4311-85f7-2af09622a23b
_SERVER["PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS"]10000
_SERVER["ALLUSERSPROFILE"]C:\ProgramData
_SERVER["APPDATA"]C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Roaming
_SERVER["APP_POOL_CONFIG"]C:\inetpub\temp\apppools\wwwroot\wwwroot.config
_SERVER["APP_POOL_ID"]wwwroot
_SERVER["CommonProgramFiles"]C:\Program Files\Common Files
_SERVER["CommonProgramFiles(x86)"]C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
_SERVER["CommonProgramW6432"]C:\Program Files\Common Files
_SERVER["COMPUTERNAME"]iZ4r4b31413jd2Z
_SERVER["ComSpec"]C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
_SERVER["LOCALAPPDATA"]C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local
_SERVER["NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS"]2
_SERVER["OS"]Windows_NT
_SERVER["Path"]C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\ManagementStudio\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\PrivateAssemblies\;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\DTS\Binn\;C:\sslctlw;C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps
_SERVER["PATHEXT"].COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE"]AMD64
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER"]Intel64 Family 6 Model 85 Stepping 4, GenuineIntel
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_LEVEL"]6
_SERVER["PROCESSOR_REVISION"]5504
_SERVER["ProgramData"]C:\ProgramData
_SERVER["ProgramFiles"]C:\Program Files
_SERVER["ProgramFiles(x86)"]C:\Program Files (x86)
_SERVER["ProgramW6432"]C:\Program Files
_SERVER["PSModulePath"]C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\PowerShell\Modules\
_SERVER["PUBLIC"]C:\Users\Public
_SERVER["SystemDrive"]C:
_SERVER["SystemRoot"]C:\Windows
_SERVER["TEMP"]C:\Windows\TEMP
_SERVER["TMP"]C:\Windows\TEMP
_SERVER["USERDOMAIN"]WORKGROUP
_SERVER["USERNAME"]iZ4r4b31413jd2Z$
_SERVER["USERPROFILE"]C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile
_SERVER["windir"]C:\Windows
_SERVER["ORIG_PATH_INFO"]/admin.php/index/view/aid/10983.html
_SERVER["URL"]/admin.php
_SERVER["SERVER_SOFTWARE"]Microsoft-IIS/10.0
_SERVER["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]HTTP/1.1
_SERVER["SERVER_PORT_SECURE"]1
_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"]443
_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"]www.yyjg.net
_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"]/admin.php
_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\admin.php
_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]/admin.php/index/view/aid/10983.html
_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]GET
_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"]no value
_SERVER["REMOTE_PORT"]24619
_SERVER["REMOTE_HOST"]216.73.216.245
_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]216.73.216.245
_SERVER["QUERY_STRING"]no value
_SERVER["PATH_TRANSLATED"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\admin.php\index\view\aid\10983.html
_SERVER["PATH_INFO"]/index/view/aid/10983
_SERVER["LOGON_USER"]no value
_SERVER["LOCAL_ADDR"]172.16.121.93
_SERVER["INSTANCE_META_PATH"]/LM/W3SVC/1
_SERVER["INSTANCE_NAME"]WWWROOT
_SERVER["INSTANCE_ID"]1
_SERVER["HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT"]CN=www.yyjg.net
_SERVER["HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER"]C=PL, O=Asseco Data Systems S.A., CN=Certum DV TLS G2 R39 CA
_SERVER["HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE"]2048
_SERVER["HTTPS_KEYSIZE"]256
_SERVER["HTTPS"]on
_SERVER["GATEWAY_INTERFACE"]CGI/1.1
_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot
_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"]no value
_SERVER["CONTENT_LENGTH"]0
_SERVER["CERT_SUBJECT"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_SERIALNUMBER"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_ISSUER"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_FLAGS"]no value
_SERVER["CERT_COOKIE"]no value
_SERVER["AUTH_USER"]no value
_SERVER["AUTH_PASSWORD"]no value
_SERVER["AUTH_TYPE"]no value
_SERVER["APPL_PHYSICAL_PATH"]D:\wwwroot\yyjg.net\wwwroot\
_SERVER["APPL_MD_PATH"]/LM/W3SVC/1/ROOT
_SERVER["IIS_UrlRewriteModule"]7.1.0871.0
_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
_SERVER["HTTP_HOST"]www.yyjg.net
_SERVER["HTTP_COOKIE"]PHPSESSID=pf31dc37paidseu87f0cpofil2
_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"]gzip, br, zstd, deflate
_SERVER["HTTP_ACCEPT"]*/*
_SERVER["HTTP_CONNECTION"]close
_SERVER["FCGI_ROLE"]RESPONDER
_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]/admin.php/index/view/aid/10983.html
_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT"]1789703971.1176
_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME"]1789703971

PHP Credits

PHP Group
Thies C. Arntzen, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Sam Ruby, Sascha Schumann, Zeev Suraski, Jim Winstead, Andrei Zmievski
Language Design & Concept
Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Marcus Boerger
PHP Authors
ContributionAuthors
Zend Scripting Language Engine Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Marcus Boerger, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui, Nikita Popov
Extension Module API Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Andrei Zmievski
UNIX Build and Modularization Stig Bakken, Sascha Schumann, Jani Taskinen
Windows Port Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski, Wez Furlong, Pierre-Alain Joye, Anatol Belski
Server API (SAPI) Abstraction Layer Andi Gutmans, Shane Caraveo, Zeev Suraski
Streams Abstraction Layer Wez Furlong, Sara Golemon
PHP Data Objects Layer Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
Output Handler Zeev Suraski, Thies C. Arntzen, Marcus Boerger, Michael Wallner
SAPI Modules
ContributionAuthors
AOLserver Sascha Schumann
Apache 1.3 (apache_hooks) Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Stig Bakken, David Sklar, George Schlossnagle, Lukas Schroeder
Apache 1.3 Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Stig Bakken, David Sklar
Apache 2.0 Filter Sascha Schumann, Aaron Bannert
Apache 2.0 Handler Ian Holsman, Justin Erenkrantz (based on Apache 2.0 Filter code)
Caudium / Roxen David Hedbor
CGI / FastCGI Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
CLI Edin Kadribasic, Marcus Boerger, Johannes Schlueter, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Xinchen Hui
Continuity Alex Leigh (based on nsapi code)
Embed Edin Kadribasic
FastCGI Process Manager Andrei Nigmatulin, dreamcat4, Antony Dovgal, Jerome Loyet
ISAPI Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski
litespeed George Wang
NSAPI Jayakumar Muthukumarasamy, Uwe Schindler
phpdbg Felipe Pena, Joe Watkins, Bob Weinand
phttpd Thies C. Arntzen
pi3web Holger Zimmermann
Sendmail Milter Harald Radi
thttpd Sascha Schumann
tux Sascha Schumann
WebJames Alex Waugh
Module Authors
ModuleAuthors
BC Math Andi Gutmans
Bzip2 Sterling Hughes
Calendar Shane Caraveo, Colin Viebrock, Hartmut Holzgraefe, Wez Furlong
COM and .Net Wez Furlong
ctype Hartmut Holzgraefe
cURL Sterling Hughes
Date/Time Support Derick Rethans
DB-LIB (MS SQL, Sybase) Wez Furlong, Frank M. Kromann
DBA Sascha Schumann, Marcus Boerger
DOM Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger
enchant Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
ereg Rasmus Lerdorf, Jim Winstead, Jaakko Hyvätti
EXIF Rasmus Lerdorf, Marcus Boerger
fileinfo Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre Alain Joye, Scott MacVicar, Derick Rethans
Firebird driver for PDO Ard Biesheuvel
FTP Stefan Esser, Andrew Skalski
GD imaging Rasmus Lerdorf, Stig Bakken, Jim Winstead, Jouni Ahto, Ilia Alshanetsky, Pierre-Alain Joye, Marcus Boerger
GetText Alex Plotnick
GNU GMP support Stanislav Malyshev
Iconv Rui Hirokawa, Stig Bakken, Moriyoshi Koizumi
IMAP Rex Logan, Mark Musone, Brian Wang, Kaj-Michael Lang, Antoni Pamies Olive, Rasmus Lerdorf, Andrew Skalski, Chuck Hagenbuch, Daniel R Kalowsky
Input Filter Rasmus Lerdorf, Derick Rethans, Pierre-Alain Joye, Ilia Alshanetsky
InterBase Jouni Ahto, Andrew Avdeev, Ard Biesheuvel
Internationalization Ed Batutis, Vladimir Iordanov, Dmitry Lakhtyuk, Stanislav Malyshev, Vadim Savchuk, Kirti Velankar
JSON Omar Kilani, Scott MacVicar
LDAP Amitay Isaacs, Eric Warnke, Rasmus Lerdorf, Gerrit Thomson, Stig Venaas
LIBXML Christian Stocker, Rob Richards, Marcus Boerger, Wez Furlong, Shane Caraveo
mcrypt Sascha Schumann, Derick Rethans
MS SQL Frank M. Kromann
Multibyte String Functions Tsukada Takuya, Rui Hirokawa
MySQL driver for PDO George Schlossnagle, Wez Furlong, Ilia Alshanetsky, Johannes Schlueter
MySQL Zeev Suraski, Zak Greant, Georg Richter, Andrey Hristov
MySQLi Zak Greant, Georg Richter, Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel
MySQLnd Andrey Hristov, Ulf Wendel, Georg Richter, Johannes Schlüter
OCI8 Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Andy Sautins, David Benson, Maxim Maletsky, Harald Radi, Antony Dovgal, Andi Gutmans, Wez Furlong, Christopher Jones, Oracle Corporation
ODBC driver for PDO Wez Furlong
ODBC Stig Bakken, Andreas Karajannis, Frank M. Kromann, Daniel R. Kalowsky
OpenSSL Stig Venaas, Wez Furlong, Sascha Kettler, Scott MacVicar
Oracle (OCI) driver for PDO Wez Furlong
pcntl Jason Greene, Arnaud Le Blanc
Perl Compatible Regexps Andrei Zmievski
PHP Archive Gregory Beaver, Marcus Boerger
PHP Data Objects Wez Furlong, Marcus Boerger, Sterling Hughes, George Schlossnagle, Ilia Alshanetsky
PHP hash Sara Golemon, Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Esser, Michael Wallner, Scott MacVicar
Posix Kristian Koehntopp
PostgreSQL driver for PDO Edin Kadribasic, Ilia Alshanetsky
PostgreSQL Jouni Ahto, Zeev Suraski, Yasuo Ohgaki, Chris Kings-Lynne
Pspell Vlad Krupin
Readline Thies C. Arntzen
Recode Kristian Koehntopp
Reflection Marcus Boerger, Timm Friebe, George Schlossnagle, Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
Sessions Sascha Schumann, Andrei Zmievski
Shared Memory Operations Slava Poliakov, Ilia Alshanetsky
SimpleXML Sterling Hughes, Marcus Boerger, Rob Richards
SNMP Rasmus Lerdorf, Harrie Hazewinkel, Mike Jackson, Steven Lawrance, Johann Hanne, Boris Lytochkin
SOAP Brad Lafountain, Shane Caraveo, Dmitry Stogov
Sockets Chris Vandomelen, Sterling Hughes, Daniel Beulshausen, Jason Greene
SPL Marcus Boerger, Etienne Kneuss
SQLite 3.x driver for PDO Wez Furlong
SQLite3 Scott MacVicar, Ilia Alshanetsky, Brad Dewar
Sybase-CT Zeev Suraski, Tom May, Timm Friebe
System V Message based IPC Wez Furlong
System V Semaphores Tom May
System V Shared Memory Christian Cartus
tidy John Coggeshall, Ilia Alshanetsky
tokenizer Andrei Zmievski, Johannes Schlueter
WDDX Andrei Zmievski
XML Stig Bakken, Thies C. Arntzen, Sterling Hughes
XMLReader Rob Richards
xmlrpc Dan Libby
XMLWriter Rob Richards, Pierre-Alain Joye
XSL Christian Stocker, Rob Richards
Zip Pierre-Alain Joye, Remi Collet
Zlib Rasmus Lerdorf, Stefan Roehrich, Zeev Suraski, Jade Nicoletti, Michael Wallner
PHP Documentation
Authors Mehdi Achour, Friedhelm Betz, Antony Dovgal, Nuno Lopes, Hannes Magnusson, Georg Richter, Damien Seguy, Jakub Vrana, Adam Harvey, Peter Cowburn
Editor Philip Olson
User Note Maintainers Daniel P. Brown, Thiago Henrique Pojda
Other Contributors Previously active authors, editors and other contributors are listed in the manual.
PHP Quality Assurance Team
Ilia Alshanetsky, Joerg Behrens, Antony Dovgal, Stefan Esser, Moriyoshi Koizumi, Magnus Maatta, Sebastian Nohn, Derick Rethans, Melvyn Sopacua, Jani Taskinen, Pierre-Alain Joye, Dmitry Stogov, Felipe Pena, David Soria Parra, Stanislav Malyshev, Julien Pauli, Stephen Zarkos, Anatol Belski, Remi Collet, Ferenc Kovacs
Websites and Infrastructure team
PHP Websites Team Rasmus Lerdorf, Hannes Magnusson, Philip Olson, Lukas Kahwe Smith, Pierre-Alain Joye, Kalle Sommer Nielsen, Peter Cowburn, Adam Harvey, Ferenc Kovacs, Levi Morrison
Event Maintainers Damien Seguy, Daniel P. Brown
Network Infrastructure Daniel P. Brown
Windows Infrastructure Alex Schoenmaker

PHP License

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the PHP License as published by the PHP Group and included in the distribution in the file: LICENSE

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

If you did not receive a copy of the PHP license, or have any questions about PHP licensing, please contact license@php.net.

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新技术拟相生物色谱法研究进展
提交者:easyide发表时间:2008-6-25点击次数:4129来源:本站整理

(本文作者:河北医科大学基础医学院 张然等)
   
生命科学的发展离不开研究手段(主要是分离、分析、测试手段)的创新和发展, 而分析方法的发展也推动了生命科学的研究向更高、更深入的层次进展。随着现代分析仪器的发展, 色谱作为分离、纯化、制备手段的意义, 起到越来越重要的作用,它在药物分析研究、中药现代化,分离及药效和药代学研究[ 5 ]中的应用日益普遍, 已经受到极大关注。生物色谱法( biochromatography)20世纪80年代中后期出现, 是由生命科学与色谱分离技术交叉形成的一种极具发展潜力的新兴色谱技术。近年出现的类生物膜的评价系统, : 脂质体/水系统、磷脂膜色谱( IAMC) 、微乳液色谱、胶束色谱等亦是生物色谱法的扩展。
    1
 脂质体毛细管电泳( liposome cap illary electro-horesis, LCE)随着生物膜色谱( biomembrane chromatography)的发展, 脂质体成为近年来较为活跃的研究领域。生物膜色谱是一种新型液相色谱模式, 它以天然或人工膜模拟生物膜为固定相, 主要用来研究溶质分子与生物膜间的相互作用。目前, 最常用的生物膜固定相是固定化脂质体, 因为磷脂是构成生物膜的3种主要成分之一。脂质体( liposome)又称为磷脂囊泡( vesicle) , 是由天然磷脂形成的微球, 具有与细胞膜相似的脂质双层结构和生物膜的流动性特征。这种人工模拟的生物膜体系不仅可以精确地模拟生物膜的化学环境,而且其物理性能也可以通过调节温度、pH、离子等得到有效控制。脂质体被视为最接近天然生物膜的简单理想的模型, 并以毒性低、制备简单、可使药物包裹入脂质双分子层, 避免药物的降解,可实现药物靶向给药等特点, 而被广泛作为药物载体使用。
   
固定化脂质体色谱具有许多优点, 但是它的应用并不广泛, 主要原因是柱子制备比较困难、成本高。其次高效液相色谱(HPLC)常用的硅胶基质及其化学键合固定相的pH使用范围较窄(pH 28) ,色谱柱容易被污染而且很难被再生, 流动相需要大量有机溶剂, 成本高, 并污染环境。与固化脂质体色谱相比, LCE具有制备简便、溶剂消耗少、进样小、成本低等优点。1995Zhang等首次提出了LCE的概念, 至今已经得到了较快发展, 在方法学和应用方面都有了比较深入的研究。
    2
 磷脂膜色谱( immobilized artif ic ia l membranechroma tography, IAMC)磷脂膜色谱是固态基质上的有序磷脂分子单层体系,采用色谱学方法模拟药物与细胞膜相互作用过程。可用来评价药物的渗透性和活性。硅胶表面上的磷脂单分子层模拟了单层细胞膜,因此药物的磷脂膜色谱保留行为可用于预测药物与细胞膜的相互作用。目前考察药物跨膜转运的模型主要有正辛醇/水系统、脂质体/水系统、反相色谱以及磷脂膜色谱。与前述3种系统比较,磷脂膜色谱除了具有高效、简便等特点外,还能模拟药物与生物膜之间疏水作用力以外的其他作用力,因此对磷脂膜的研究也越来越深入。由于细胞膜渗透性对其有效性和安全性起着关键作用,因此磷脂膜色谱在新药研发早期阶段的介入可以有效地降低后期候选药物的淘汰率,提高新药的研发效率。
    3
 微乳液电动色谱(m icroemulsion electrok ineticchroma tography,MEEKC)
   
微乳液是由表面活性剂与助表面活性剂共同组成的界面膜稳定的一种以上的液体微滴所构成,微乳液电动色谱是以微乳液为运行介质的一种毛细管电泳(CE)新技术, Watarai20世纪90年代创立的。它是一种具有色谱分离机制的电泳方法, 其分离原理除了基于被分析物的电泳淌度差异性之外, 主要还基于被分析物在水连续相和微乳液滴分散相之间的分配差异性。MEEKC可同时分离分析离子和中性化合物, 比一般CE可分析对象的范围更宽。在微生物、蛋白质及芳烃类等强疏水性化合物的分离上, MEEKCMECC具有更高的柱效和更强的分离能力。
    MEEKC
的分离机制也决定了它成为测定化合物油水分配系数的方法之一, 由于化合物在微乳液中的微观两相中的分配性质, 可模拟化合物在本体溶液中的分配行为。国外学者认为, 可根据化合物在微乳两相中的分配而引起电泳迁移行为的差异进行油水分配系数之一的正辛醇/水分配系数的对数值( logPcw ) 的测定。用MEEKC 技术测定化合物logPcw比其他一些方法简单、快速, 在某些情况下, 其测量精确度也更高。
    4
 胶束电动毛细管色谱( m icellar electrok ineticcap illary chroma tography,MECC)MECC是在缓冲溶液中加入表面活性剂, 将色谱技术和电泳技术相结合, 结束了HPCE不能分离中性粒子的历史。以十二烷基硫酸钠( SDS)为例,它是一种阴离子表面活性剂, 当其浓度高于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时形成带负电荷的胶束, 胶束在电场的作用下向正极泳动。在中性和碱性条件下, EOF的速度比胶束迁移速度快, 因此, 胶束的实际移动方向与EOF一致(指向负极) 。待测粒子依据疏水性的不同在水相和胶束相之间进行多次分配, 其中疏水性强的中性粒子与胶束结合比较牢固, 洗脱时间较长, 可与水溶性较好的中性粒子分离。在MECC, 中性粒子的分离机制是其与胶束间的相互作用, 而对于带电离子则同时有电泳迁移、静电作用、两相分配等多种分离机制。在新胶束应用研究方面, SDS22O2羰基甲基2β2环糊精及四环己基高氯酸外, Nishi等直接用胆酸盐作胶束剂,因天然胆酸是光学异构体, 用其作手性化合物拆分获得较大成功。Nishi等用同样条件分离了8种皮质激素, 7种羟基苯甲酸酯(甲酯至异戊酯)12种地尔硫的同系物,前二类分离很好,后者较差,但用作单一组分定量(RSD, 2.5% )和杂质检查十分理想。Nishi等还用同一胶束剂拆分了地尔硫同系物及Trimetoquinol对映异构体。Le等应用胶束电动色谱对类维生素A进行了分离。总之,MECC技术现在正如HPLC, 迅速进入药物分析领域, 而且分离效果好、速度快、费用低, 但是如何使其成为一种常规分离技术尚需进一步研究。
    5
 胶束液相色谱(m icellar liquid chroma tography,MLC)
   
胶束液相色谱又称拟相液相色谱或假相液相色谱(p seudophase LC) ,是一种新型的反相液相色谱技术,与胶束电动毛细管色谱(MECC)相似。将表面活性剂加入HPLC的流动相(有机流动相),形成反胶束,用带有反胶束的流动相作为洗脱液的HPLC被称作胶束液相色谱。
   
胶束液相色谱方法特点: 高度选择性———因分离组分与胶束之间存在着静电、疏水以及空间效应的综合作用,只要通过流动相中胶束浓度的改变,就可使分离选择性获得改善。此外,通过适当固定相以及表面活性剂的选择也可提高分离选择性。②便于梯度洗脱———由于表面活性剂的浓度高于CMC,再增大浓度时,溶液中仅胶束的浓度发生改变,而表面活性剂单体分子的浓度不变,不影响流动相与固定相的平衡过程,因而比传统的梯度洗脱技术大大缩短了分析时间,并减少了流动相的消耗,适用于常规操作。③高灵敏度———胶束流动相可增加某些化合物的荧光强度,从而提高检测灵敏度。还可稳定某些化合物在室温条件下发生的液体磷光。因分离组分不易分出,故缺点是柱效低且不适于制备分离。
   
胶束的存在提高了HPLC的分辨率, 同时调整了溶质的保留时间, 因此MLC可以用来分析含有更多组分的药物分子的混合物Gonzalo-Lumbreras等通过MLC成功地检测了存在于尿液中的各种甾体类激素的合成代谢物和分解代谢物。除此之外, MLC可以用来直接测定血样中小分子药物的含量, 而不需血样前处理。因为反胶束的存在可以将血液中的水溶性蛋白包在其极性核内而被除去。Elisa等通过直接进样(血样)并用MLC方法实现了对几种巴比妥酸盐的同时检测。除了用于药物分析外, Molero2Monfort等认为, 药物主动转运的难易程度, 主要由药物本身的物化性质决定, 而保留时间正是药物物化性质的综合体现, 所以通过对药物MLC保留时间的测定, 可以预测药物的吸收状况, 并根据模拟定量-保留-活性关系(QRAR)模型, 有效的预测某些药物(局部麻醉药、儿茶酚胺、巴比妥和苯并二氮等)的生物学活性。在MLC系统中, 化合物的保留依赖于化合物的疏水、电子和空间特征。因此, 该技术能够用来描述和预测药物在体外的生物学反应, Molero2Monfort为拓展MLC的应用开辟了新思路。
    6
 生物分配胶束色谱( b iopartition ing m icellarchroma tography, BMC)BMC是胶束液相色谱(MLC)的一种方式。该胶束液相色谱使用表面活性剂在生理条件(pH, 离子强度)下形成的胶束作为流动相。可用于模拟药物在生物系统的分配过程。
    BMC
可以有效预测药物口服吸收。Molero-Monfort等在此方面做了大量研究。受试药物为不同结构的主要以被动吸收为主的74种药物,覆盖了一定宽度的口服吸收范围(A%: 16% 100%) ,以及药物的理化性质, 如疏水性范围( logP: 0.345.20)及不同电荷(酸性、碱性及中性) , 流动相为0.04 mol·L - 1 B rij-35溶液, 在两种pH(pH 7.4:模拟血浆; pH 6.5: 模拟小肠)下得出的KBMC与口服吸收值具有相似的双曲线关系。这与常用的体外膜通透性模型Caco22PAMPA ( parallel artificialmembrane permeability assay)及原位或体内渗透模型得到的结果一致。对于以被动吸收为主的药物, 由于其在BMC上的保留, 可以根据膜转运性质将其划分为以下两类。(1) pH 6.5, 0.2 < KBMC < 3的药物在吸收速率和程度上表现出低渗透性和高度易变性, 生理因素对这类药物的影响要高于剂型因素。此外该类药物溶解度低, 不易吸收, 口服给药时将面临很多难题。(2) pH 6.5, KBMC > 3的药物具有高渗透性, 可被迅速完全吸收, A% > 90%。不过, 如果药物溶解性很好, 首过代谢可能成为限制系统生物利用度的影响因素(如普萘洛尔) 。对于溶解性差的药物, 其在胃肠道的溶解是吸收的限速步骤。剂型或生理因素都可能影响药物的溶出过程。将药物数目减少后仍然得到相似的结果, 说明该模型可以预测新药的口服吸收, 预测的可信限为±16% , 符合文献报道。比较BMCCaco-2PAMPA等膜通透性筛选模型, BMC具有以下优势: 色谱分配系统迅速、简单、经济, 保留数据重现性好, 在预测药物口服吸收时不需要对原系统进行校正, 大大提高了筛选速率。
   
生物分离胶束色谱可以预测药物透过血脑屏障的能力, 决定了其向脑内分布的程度。Quinones-Torrelo等对抗组胺药物透过血脑屏障能力的研究表明: 抗组胺药物的保留值与半衰期( T1 /2 )和分布容积(Vd )的关系符合二次多项式模型。与文献报道的QSAR模型一致。Gilabert等应用B rij-35溶液作流动相, 成功地预测了44 种不同结构的药物(包括中性、阳离子型及阴离子型药物) 透过血脑屏障的能力。利用多元线性回归(multip lelinear regression,MLR)将药物透过血脑屏障的分配系数与BMC保留数据联系起来,并将电荷因素引入回归方程。由BMC保留数据预测的logBB与实验测得值相关, 线性关系良好( r*2 = 0.75) , 而用logP代替logKBMC虽然也能给出相同的趋势, 但统计学参数不理想( r*2 = 0.59) 。说明疏水作用对药物透过血脑屏障的作用只接近59% , 而非疏水作用(静电、空间位阻等)也参与了药物经血脑屏障的渗透。可见用BMC预测药物透过血脑屏障要优于正辛醇/水系统。目前常用一种来源于牛脑微血管的内皮细胞系(BBMEC)在体外模拟药物经血脑屏障的转运。将BMC (流动相: 0.04 mol·L - 1Brij-35)的保留数据( logKBMC )BBMEC的渗透数据( PC ×104 )相关分析后r*2 = 0.94, 表明用BMC可以预测药物在BBMEC的渗透, 两种体外方法对于评估药物的血脑屏障穿透能力同样有效。Canós-Rius等采用生物分离胶束色谱和胶束电色谱技术评估酸碱对局部麻醉药的影响。局部麻醉药活性结构特征的测定相当困难, 但它有某些基本的结构特征。局部麻醉药属于疏水的弱碱(质子常数为7.58.8)性化合物, pH 7.4 时。离子和非离子形式穿过脂膜的轴突, 通过带电分子镶到通道内部产生麻醉作用。于是, 带电和不带电形式的比率与化合物的疏水性是麻醉阻塞效率的界定因素。另一方面局部麻醉药的药理学和毒理学作用高度依赖于生理pH已经有报道。体内的pH是由肺和肾调节的, pH值的变化影响蛋白质和许多药物的离子化程度, 正如多数离子化合物一样不容易跨细胞膜。改变pH值影响细胞的功能和许多制剂的效能。例如, 接近脓肿的酸性组织降低局部麻醉药功效。相反, 碱性与增加局部麻醉药的功效有关。首先, 确定在BMCMEKC系统使用B rij-35作为表面活性剂( pH 7.4 )时获得的保留数据和局部麻醉药的某些药效学参数间的定量关系, 再把这些模型与固定人造膜柱( IAM)获得的模型进行比较。然后, 采用BMC在不同流动相pH7.4时的保留数据研究酸、碱对局部麻醉药的药理和毒理学的影响。另外, BMC可以分析疏水性对单胺再摄取抑制剂类抗抑郁药物的效能, 以及对单胺受体具有亲和力的中枢神经系统药物的影响, 同时还可以预测皮肤的渗透性、生态毒性和体外快速实验预测视觉组织的渗透性等。
   
本研究小组为证明生物分配胶束液相色谱(MBC)修饰的固定相在结构上和生物膜相似, 以抗高血压类药物为研究对象, 系统考察了3种不同类型的表面活性剂: 阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠( SDS) , 阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)以及非离子表面活性剂聚乙氧基月桂醚(B rij-35 ) 对药物保留的影响。药物以SDS CTAB为流动相的胶束液相色谱中, 容量因子和药物的急性毒性参数LD50之间没有明显的相关性。而以非离子表面活性剂为流动相时, 容量因子与药物的LD50间有一定的线性相关性。表明以表面活性剂B rij-35为流动相的胶束液相色谱是较好的一种模拟生物膜的体系。这主要是由于在离子型的胶束液相色谱中, 胶束相和固定相上存在过强的负电性或正电性, 药物在这种体系下的保留主要取决于疏水和静电等作用。而生理状态下药物与细胞膜的分配作用以疏水作用为主、静电作用其次, 所以离子型胶束液相色谱适用于色谱分离而不适用于模拟药物与生物膜的作用。而非离子型表面活性剂在水中不解离, 其胶束溶液不会产生过强的电性, 在该体系中, 固定相与溶质的作用以疏水作用为主, 静电作用较弱, 更接近于药物与细胞膜的作用。因此选择非离子型表面活性剂B rij-35作流动相的胶束液相色谱可预测药物的急性毒性。
    7
 展望
   
当前组合化学技术及计算机辅助设计的发展,使得药物化学合成化合物的数目大大增加, 此外,中药复杂体系本身就是一个数目庞大的天然化合物库, 这都要求生物药剂学家应有一种快速筛选出具有适宜体内药代动力学特征的候选药物的工具。另外, 药物在体内的动态取决于其在其受体内的一系列跨模转运过程, 它仍需要以被动扩散机制通过其他生物膜来发挥活性, 因此在新药研发初期阶段,候选药物的膜渗透性以及与生物膜的作用特征是决定其是否适合作为先导化合物的重要信息。各种拟生物膜色谱除在分离分析方面具有一定潜力外, 更重要的这些拟生物膜与天然生物膜结构类似, 用来研究药物与拟生物膜的相互作用, 能最大程度地反映药物分子与生物膜相互作用的真实情况。这种体外实验模拟体内条件的筛选模型为药物筛选和药物设计提供了强有力的工具。拟生物膜与生物膜色谱相比, 方法简单、可操作性强、成本低廉、重现性好, 具有更好的发展前景。

 

来源:中国医院数字图书馆

 

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